| Authors |
Afrin Kirill Aleksandrovich, Postgraduate student, Russian State Agrarian University – MTAA (49 Timiryazevskaya street, Moscow, Russia), E-mail: afrin_ka@rambler.ru
Kidov Artem Aleksandrovich, Candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, sub-department of zoology, Russian State Agrarian University – MTAA (49 Timiryazevskaya street, Moscow, Russia), E-mail: kidov_a@mail.ru
Matushkina Kseniya Andreevna, Candidate of biological sciences, senior lecturer, sub-department of zoology, Russian State Agrarian University – MTAA (49 Timiryazevskaya street, Moscow, Russia), E-mail: matushkinaka@gmail.com
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| Abstract |
Background. The Caucasian toad, Bufo verrucosissimus – vulnerable species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. In Karachay-Cherkessia is the North-Eastern periphery of the areal. Objective: reproductive characteristics of the Caucasian toad in Karachay-Cherkessia.
Materials and methods. Studies were conducted in the gorge of the Bolshaya Laba River between the Aziatskiy Settlement and the mouth of the Vodopadnaya river (the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Urupskiy District). The animals were taken into account on the morning excursions and on the night routes. Also noted toads who died under the wheels of vehicles. The study of size-weight parameters of adult amphibians, eggs, larvae and juveniles after metamorphosis was carried out by standard methods.
Results. Reproduction of the Caucasian toad is noted from end of March to beginning of May. Males were more numerous than females during reproductive migration. Most pairs of toads formed on land during the movement to the breeding sites. The greatest number of animals was observed in the period from 19:30 to 22:00. Migration was noted in the temperature range from 5,5 to 12,5 ºC. For 5 days of research on 8,3 km of the country road, 63 toads were found which had died under the wheels of vehicles. Reproduction was observed in a variety of low-flow and non-flowing water reservoirs. Usually, toads breed in puddles filled with rainwater. Hydrochemical parameters of water bodies: pH = 6,2–7,2; gH = 3–21°; kH = 2–15°. The body length of adult females of the Caucasian toad was 100,5–119,4 mm, and the weight was 103,8–227,8 g. Body length of adult males 70,7–88,7 mm, weight –
36,8–67,7 g. Egg-laying took place in the temperature range from 6,0 to 20,0 °C. The fertility of females was 3166–7914 eggs. Duration of incubation was 4–5 days. The first larvae at a temperature of 19,0–22,0 °C passed to exogenous feeding after 10–11 days after oviposition. The total length of larvae at the starting of feeding was 10,5–14,1 mm. The output of young toads on land was observed in late July and early August. Body length of toads after metamorphosis – 9,0–11,3 mm, and weight – 0,05–0,13 g.
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